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Day 1: Raspberry

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# Readme # Readme
This repository is developed to cover the embedded systems lecture at summer school in Jade University. This repository is developed to cover the embedded systems lecture at summer school in Jade University.
# Issues to solve
## Issues to solve
- [ ] TODO which version of beagles to buy - [ ] TODO which version of beagles to buy
- [ ] I prefer to use the beaglebone black wi-fi, if it is possible to connect them to Jade's internet - [ ] I prefer to use the beaglebone black wi-fi, if it is possible to connect them to Jade's internet
- [ ] Otherwise the ethernet version is preferred to use with usb-internet sharing - [ ] Otherwise the ethernet version is preferred to use with usb-internet sharing
- [ ] Install in computer the PuTTY software and some bash option to use. - [ ] Install in computer the PuTTY software and some bash option to use.
- [ ] TODO Adding to day 1: https://linuxpropaganda.wordpress.com/2018/06/26/create-new-user-in-ubuntu-on-beaglebone-black/ - [ ] TODO Adding to day 1: https://linuxpropaganda.wordpress.com/2018/06/26/create-new-user-in-ubuntu-on-beaglebone-black/
# day-1: Introduction to the single-board computers (SBC) and basic applications
## Basic connections
### Basic USB connection for Beagle
# day-1: Introduction to IoT systems and single-board computers (SBC)
## Accessing to SBCs by USB
To connect into the SBC, attach the USB cable into the PC. Then, open the terminal and type: To connect into the SBC, attach the USB cable into the PC. Then, open the terminal and type:
``` ```
$ ip addr $ ip addr
en0: flags=8863<UP,BROADCAST,SMART,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
ether bc:d0:74:35:a9:39
inet6 fe80::416:aee8:9fce:7def/64 secured scopeid 0xe
inet 192.168.6.2/24 brd 192.168.1.255 en0
inet6 2806:2f0:5040:8572:189b:329e:6e92:ec98/64 autoconf secured
inet6 2806:2f0:5040:8572:796d:4680:2f61:a858/64 autoconf temporary
...
...
en10: flags=8863<UP,BROADCAST,SMART,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
ether f4:5e:ab:50:44:89
inet6 fe80::10a6:8287:252f:1a43/64 secured scopeid 0x16
inet 192.168.6.1/24 brd 192.168.6.255 en10
...
```
you will obtain a lot of `enX` or `awdlx` devices, try to search for the new detected devices and specially the one with the ip 192.168.6.1 or 192.168.7.1 that belongs to the BeagleBone devices, and XXX for the Raspberry Pi.
Then, use the `SSH` protocol, from now ssh, to access the board computer (please change the ip address by your ip device)
```
$ ssh debian@192.168.6.2
Debian GNU/Linux 10
BeagleBoard.org Debian Buster IoT Image 2022-07-01
Support: https://bbb.io/debian
default username:password is [debian:temppwd]
The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software;
the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the
individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.
Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent
permitted by applicable law.
Last login: Thu Jul 7 07:08:40 2022 from 2806:2f0:5040:8572:7d51:e754:675:cd2a
``` ```
you will obtain a lot of `enX` or `awdlx` devices, try to search for the new detected devices and specially the one with the ip 192.168.6.2 or 192.168.7.2 that belongs to the BeagleBone devices.
### TODO Basic USB connection for Raspberry Pi 4(RPi4)
### TODO Enabling the SSH in the RPi4
- Connect to a IP address
- SSH connection
## Accessing the RPi4 by ssh
The SBCs can be accessed by ssh protocol if it is enable (disable by default at raspberry). Thus, we only need to know the SBC's ip or hostname. By default the raspberry Pi 4 is `raspberry`, but username and password is defined by the user ([raspberry Pi imager](link)). Then, to make `ssh` use:
```
$ ssh username@hostname.local
``` ```
ssh -X debian@192.168.7.2
debian:temppwd
or
``` ```
### Error connection
$ ssh username@ip
```
## Error connection
When getting the error: When getting the error:
``` ```
@ -45,66 +67,12 @@ and the key for the corresponding IP address 2806:103e:5:50f4:3ad2:69ff:fef9:46b
``` ```
you have to edit the '.ssh/known_hosts' file, and delete the lien that contains the offending key and the corresponding IP address given the warning. you have to edit the '.ssh/known_hosts' file, and delete the lien that contains the offending key and the corresponding IP address given the warning.
### Sharing the internet through usb
### Wi-Fi
To connect to your Wireless network type the following command in the terminal window:
```bash
$sudo connmanctl
connmanctl> enable wifi
Enabled wifi
connmanctl> scan wifi
Scan completed for wifi
connmanctl> services
wifi_506583d4fc5e_544e434150413937414239_managed_psk
connmanctl> agent on
Agent registered
connmanctl> connect wifi_506583d4fc5e_544e434150413937414239_managed_psk
Passphrase? xxxxxxxxxxx
connected wifi_506583d4fc5e_544e434150413937414239_managed_psk
connmanctl> quit
$ping www.google.com
```
## Basic configuration ## Basic configuration
### Changing the beaglebone's hostname
First edit the `/etc/hostname` file by:
```
sudo vim /etc/hostanme
```
change the first and only line in this file to reflect your new hostname.
Then, edit the `/etc/hosts` file:
```
127.0.0.1 localhost
127.0.1.1 hostname.localdomain hostname
# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts
::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters
```
change the second line in both `hostname` instances for your new hostanme (must be the same previously defined).
Finally, reboot your beagle or raspberry device.
### Changing the user's password
### Updating the system and installing VIM
To change the default user's password use:
```
$ passwd
Changing password for debian.
Current password: temppwd
New password: xxxxxxx
...
```
### Updating the system
Before any further change, please update the system and packages by: Before any further change, please update the system and packages by:
``` ```
$ sudo apt update $ sudo apt update
[sudo] password for debian: [sudo] password for debian:
@ -135,7 +103,9 @@ gpgv/oldstable 2.2.12-1+deb10u2 armhf [upgradable from: 2.2.12-1+deb10u1]
libcpupower1/oldstable 4.19.249-2 armhf [upgradable from: 4.19.235-1] libcpupower1/oldstable 4.19.249-2 armhf [upgradable from: 4.19.235-1]
linux-cpupower/oldstable 4.19.249-2 armhf [upgradable from: 4.19.235-1] linux-cpupower/oldstable 4.19.249-2 armhf [upgradable from: 4.19.235-1]
linux-libc-dev/oldstable 4.19.249-2 armhf [upgradable from: 4.19.235-1] linux-libc-dev/oldstable 4.19.249-2 armhf [upgradable from: 4.19.235-1]
```
and then, make the upgrade of all required packages
```
$ sudo apt upgrade $ sudo apt upgrade
Reading package lists... Done Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree Building dependency tree
@ -153,26 +123,74 @@ The following packages will be upgraded:
... ...
``` ```
now we can start to install updated packages, lets try to install the `ntp` package to synchronise the clocks of computer that we will use later:
now we can start to install updated packages, lets try to install the `VIM` package to use as our main source and text editor:
``` ```
$ sudo apt install ntp
$ sudo apt install vim
Reading package lists... Done Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed: The following additional packages will be installed:
libevent-core-2.1-6 libevent-pthreads-2.1-6 libopts25 sntp
Suggested packages:
ntp-doc
The following NEW packages will be installed:
libevent-core-2.1-6 libevent-pthreads-2.1-6 libopts25 ntp sntp
0 upgraded, 5 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 1092 kB of archives.
After this operation, 2294 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
libgpm2 vim-runtime
Suggested packages:
gpm ctags vim-doc vim-scripts
The following NEW packages will be installed:
libgpm2 vim vim-runtime
0 upgraded, 3 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 7650 kB of archives.
After this operation, 36.4 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:1 http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye/main arm64 libgpm2 arm64 1.20.7-8 [35.9 kB]
Get:2 http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye/main arm64 vim-runtime all 2:8.2.2434-3+deb11u1 [6226 kB]
Get:3 http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye/main arm64 vim arm64 2:8.2.2434-3+deb11u1 [1388 kB]
Fetched 7650 kB in 0s (17.0 MB/s)
perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
LANGUAGE = (unset),
LC_ALL = (unset),
LC_CTYPE = "UTF-8",
LANG = "en_GB.UTF-8"
are supported and installed on your system.
perl: warning: Falling back to a fallback locale ("en_GB.UTF-8").
. .
. .
. .
``` ```
### Changing the bb's or rpi4's hostname
First edit the `/etc/hostname` file by:
```
$ sudo vim /etc/hostname
```
change the first and only line in this file to reflect your new hostname.
Then, edit the `/etc/hosts` file:
```
127.0.0.1 localhost
127.0.1.1 hostname.localdomain hostname
# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts
::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters
```
change the second line in both `hostname` (127.0.1.1) instances for your new hostanme (must be the same previously defined).
Finally, reboot your beagle or raspberry device.
### Changing the user's password
To change the default user's password use:
```
$ passwd
Changing password for debian.
Current password: temppwd
New password: xxxxxxx
...
```
### Time and internet access ### Time and internet access
We previously have checked the internet access to our SBC-devices, now, let us use the internet to sync our time zone and locales for the further sync of commits in the git system. Thus, let us check the time at the device by: We previously have checked the internet access to our SBC-devices, now, let us use the internet to sync our time zone and locales for the further sync of commits in the git system. Thus, let us check the time at the device by:
``` ```
@ -188,7 +206,21 @@ $ sudo dpkg-reconfigure tzdata
``` ```
the, the system will have the correct time now. the, the system will have the correct time now.
### SSH Key pairs
If locale settings fail use:
```
$ sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales
```
and choose your desired locales, it is recommended to use international english with UTF-8 compatibility.
### Oh My Bash
Next, to make easier work with the bash system let us install the oh-my-bash tool:
```
$ bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmybash/oh-my-bash/master/tools/install.sh)"
```
you can go deeper and customize the themes and plugins at [oh-my-bash](https://ohmybash.nntoan.com/)
## SSH Key pairs
To create key pairs use: To create key pairs use:
``` ```
$ ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -C "your_email@example.com" $ ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -C "your_email@example.com"
@ -216,9 +248,3 @@ Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh 'debian@bbb-marx.local'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added. and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
``` ```
### Oh My Bash
Next, to make easy work with the bash system let us install the oh-my-bash tool:
```
$ bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmybash/oh-my-bash/master/tools/install.sh)"
```
you can go deeper and customize the themes and plugins at [oh-my-bash](https://ohmybash.nntoan.com/)

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# Notes
## Config IP4V
```
sudo connmanctl
Error getting VPN connections: The name net.connman.vpn was not provided by any
connmanctl> config wifi_38d269f946b4_756e7365722d486f757365_managed_psk --ipv4 manual 10.0.0.100 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.1 --nameservers 8.8.8.8
```

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